Add run time type checks

we're relying on the "type system" to protect us against ULID overflows, but the compiler checks and assertions aren't guaranteed to be portable, so we need to inspect our bounds to see that we don't pass the upper limit for ULID according to the spec

rather than ad-hoc checks and error like I was using before, this can all be simplified to use check-type

Furthermore, we can make test cases that construct static ulids that approach the upper permitted boundary and verify that if we try and generate past this ceiling, we get type errors signaled.